The 81-year-old leader was re-elected head of Fatah as the congress opened on Tuesday, but speculation has mounted over who will eventually succeed him as Palestinian president. He has not publicly supported a successor.
Palestinian leader Abbas to address first Fatah congress since 2009
Mahmud Abbas addresses his Fatah party's first congress since 2009 on Wednesday as he contends with internal dissent and grim prospects for advancing his decades-long goal of achieving a Palestinian state.
Palestinian president Mahmud Abbas (centre) attended the opening ceremony of the 7th Fatah Congress in the West Bank city of Ramallah, on November 29, 2016
His speech is expected at 6:00 pm (1600 GMT) before some 1,400 delegates in Ramallah.
It comes with Palestinians facing continued Jewish settlement building in the occupied West Bank and an incoming Donald Trump administration in the United States seen as far more friendly to Israel.
More than 600,000 Israeli settlers now live in the West Bank and east Jerusalem, which the Palestinians see as their future capital.
ADVERTISEMENT
The United States, European Union and others have warned that continued settlement building is eating away at prospects for a two-state solution to the conflict, the basis of years of negotiations.
A controversial Israeli bill to legalise some 4,000 settler homes in the West Bank had been due to come up for a first reading in parliament on Wednesday, but there were suggestions it was being delayed as further discussions occurred.
Hamas outreach
The international community considers all Israeli settlements in Israeli-annexed east Jerusalem and the West Bank to be illegal, whether they are authorised by the government or not.
The Israeli government differentiates between those it has approved and those it has not.
ADVERTISEMENT
The progress of the bill, approved earlier by a committee of ministers on behalf of the government, has demonstrated the power of the settler movement in Israel.
Fatah's five-day congress is expected to discuss whether to seek to introduce a UN Security Council resolution against Israeli settlements.
Abbas, head of Fatah, the Palestine Liberation Organisation and the Palestinian Authority since Yasser Arafat's death in 2004, has consistently called for a negotiated solution and opposed another violent insurrection.
But he has grown unpopular, with polls showing most Palestinians want him to resign, and many have lost faith in the so-called peace process spelled out in the Oslo accords of the 1990s that he helped negotiate.
jpegMpeg4-1280x720Some analysts see the congress as an attempt by Abbas to marginalise political opponents, including longtime rival Mohammed Dahlan, currently in exile in the United Arab Emirates.
ADVERTISEMENT
Observers have seen the reduced number of officials to vote -- down from more than 2,000 in 2009 -- as part of a move to exclude Dahlan supporters.
The election of members of Fatah's parliament and its central committee will signal the direction the oldest Palestinian party will take.
The congress also comes with Fatah and its Islamist rival Hamas, in power in the Gaza Strip, still deeply divided. Fatah dominates the Palestinian Authority, which runs the West Bank.
However, a letter from exiled Hamas leader Khaled Meshaal, in which he said he was "ready to cooperate with Fatah," was read at the opening of the congress on Tuesday.
Abbas and Meshaal recently met in Qatar for the first time in two years.
ADVERTISEMENT
On Tuesday, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon warned that hopes for a two-state solution were fading fast, decrying settlement building and home demolitions by Israel.
But he also criticised the Palestinians' "paralysing lack of unity".
JOIN OUR PULSE COMMUNITY!
ADVERTISEMENT
Eyewitness? Submit your stories now via social or:
Email: news@pulselive.co.ke