5 Fitness Pillars to Stay in Shape for Your Entire Life

This is the scene at the recent Oklahoma City finals of American Ninja Warrior, and Jon Rockman Stewart is tackling Bungee Road, an obstacle that has humbled several competitors half his age. The wiry 145-pounder hurls himself into empty air, floats, locks onto the beam, swings a few times, and dismounts.

The crowd cheers and whistles.

The eye-popping move secures the Utah-based construction manager a trip to the shows national finals.

Many of us have lost sight of that most essential property of physical recreationfun.

Stewart comes by his fitness naturally. I got my core strength from working our family farm as a kid in Idaho, he says. His ripped upper body and never-quit legs were forged from 20 years of scrambling up rock faces and frequent, rigorous mountain bike outings.

In other words, Stewart sculpted his incredible physique and athleticism by following his bliss. Hes not alone. People are coming at fitness from all these different angles now, says Daniel Kunitz, the author of Lift, a book on fitness history. Online videos have led to an exciting cross-pollination among fitness tribes. CrossFitters are doing parkour and MMA; distance runners and triathletes are trying Olympic lifting.

This newly omnivorous approach to staying in shape highlights an element thats often missing from exercise programs. In the pursuit of ripped abs and flagstone pecs, many of us have lost sight of that most essential property of physical recreationfun.

Maybe its time for you to find a plan that can give you the body you want without it feeling like forced labor. A plan thats both engaging and effective, a challenge for your brain and biceps alike. Submitted for your approval: the new pillars of lifelong fitness.

1. Quit Obsessing Over How You Look

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Forty years ago, during the Pumping Iron era, fitness was defined by how you looked in a Speedo. If you didnt have softball biceps and single-digit body fat, you had no business calling yourself fit.

Today, says Kunitz, most guys realize that getting super jacked and lean is difficult to do and takes years.A recent NCAA analysis found that single-digit body fat is rare, even among elite athletes in their prime. For example: The average body fat percentage for running backs at the NFL Combine from 2006 to 2013 was nearly 12 percent. Indeed, extreme leanness and muscularitythe kind you see in supplement adsis not only an unrealistic goal for most busy guys but also unnecessary for athleticism.

Stop staring in the mirror and focus on performance instead. Work on nailing your first pullup, then your first five. Try cracking 21 minutes in a 5K, then 19. Conquer a 5.2 rock face, then a 5.3.

Train for Performance

Consider the fitness journey of Scott Ferrara, 42, a teacher in Los Angeles. In my 20s, my goal was to be as big as possible. I was in pain. I was eating 10 chicken breasts a day. It wasnt enjoyable. Ferrara eventually switched gears. He completed an Olympic-distance triathlon and then participated in numerous obstacle course races on the West Coast. Now that hes more concerned about his finishing times than his arm circumference, hes respecting his limits. I check in to see what my body needs on a given day, he says.

Ironically, Ferrara says he looks better now than he did when he was pumping irona common result of switching to performance training. Aesthetics are best obtained from training for performance,says Mark Rippetoe, the author of Starting Strength. Form follows function.

2. Do Anything But Nothing

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Some fitness hucksters believe that certain approaches work because they resemble the activities of our forefathers. Nonsense, says Daniel Lieberman, Ph.D., a professor of human evolutionary biology at Harvard. Prescribing fitness and diet regimens based solely on what our ancestors did is rife with logical problems... We also evolved to sometimes fight, lie, get anxious, age, and die.

The simplest rule: do something every day.

In fact, science suggests that you can get healthier, stronger, and fitter by following any plan regularly. The CDC recommends 150 minutes a week of moderate-intensity aerobic activity, along with twice-weekly muscle strengthening sessions.

Its not a high bar, but 76 percent of men dont reach it, the CDC reports. Thats despite the fact that moderate exercise covers abroad array of activities, from jogging and yoga to martial arts and rock climbing. It even includes some activities many jocks might consider too easy. Brisk walking on its own is great for health, says David Katz, M.D., Ph.D., director of Yales Prevention Research Center. The best exercise, he says, is the exercise people actually do.

Seek Simplicity and Proximity

The simplest rule: do something every day. Thats not easy. For documentary filmmaker George Kunhardt, 29, that lesson came a bit later in life. I was an athlete in high school, but when I got to college I partied a lot. By the time he started his career, his weight was normal but his body was soft.

Thats when Kunhardt discovered a CrossFit gym near his office. The key variables to its appeal were proximity and simplicity: He could walk there and do the workout that was posted on the blackboard. Now Kunhardt trains six days a week; his body is harder and he can bang out sets of 40 unbroken pullups. Hes rediscovered both his competitive fire and his love of fitness. Its my number one stress reliever. When Im at the gym, I go to my happy place, he says.

So if you simply do anything active for 30 to 45 minutes a day, says Dr. Katz, your health will benefit. You will also likely enhance your quality of life and longevity. Of course, strategically varying the intensity of your activity will impact your results. Thats why we have Pillar 3.

3. Train, Don't Exercise

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To a strength coach, exercise and training are as different as chalk and cheese. Exercise is something you do today because of how it makes you feel today,says Rippetoe. Training is a planned process to achieve a result somewhere down the road.

Most gymgoers are exercisers, says Rippetoe. They might hit chest and tris on Monday, run a few miles on Tuesday, and shoot hoops on Thursday. Each workout bears little relation to the one before or after it, so their progress is minimal. Yes, its infinitely better than nothing at all.

But to improve your performance at a particular activity, you need to program a performance increase for that activity consistently. I dont want my muscles to be confused, he says. I want them to know exactly how I want them to adapt.

Set Multiple Goals

An effective exercise routine is shaped by specific goalsshort-term as well as long-termtoward which every workout is a distinct stepping-stone. That often requires taking the long view.

Lets say you want to run a 10K. You might have five obstacles you need to overcome before you can complete that goal, says Alex Viada, C.S.C.S., of Complete Human Performance in Durham, North Carolina. You may need to address your mobility or body composition before you can start thinking about your running pace. But even if you have a long way to go, Viada says, just ask yourself what you can do now to bring each goal a little closer and make the big goal easier. Then get to work on thatconsistentlyone workout at a time.

4 . Change It Up

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Here's the curveball: To make that progress, you need to take strategic recovery breaks. A lot of activities that we think are helpful are not, says Andreo Spina, D.O., a chiropractor and mobility expert. Among these are some of our favorite pastimes. When major league baseball coaches and trainers ask him how to prevent elbow injuries in their pitchers, Spina tells them, only half jokingly, Have them play another position.

From baseball and basketball to swimming and track-and-field events, sports are man-made activities, Spina argues. Many of them place asymmetrical demands on the body. Tennis and squash, for example, tax one arm and shoulder while leaving the other mostly out of the action. Swimming works your upper body more than your lower, while running and cycling do the opposite. The potential damage isnt limited to knees and ankles. A study in the Journal of Applied Physiology revealed that the heart valves of lifelong runners showed elevated risk of failure.

Sure, sports belong in your training program, but focusing on a single sport or activityyear-round, with no time to heal and rebalancemight hurt you. For most of us, the ideal strategy is a three-weeks-on, one-week-off plan.

For three weeks, gradually increase your workload at your activity of choice. Do more sets, reps, and weight if youre into strength training; more distance or speed if youre a cyclist or runner; more height, speed, or difficulty if youre a climber. Then ease off for a week and come back to focus on a slightly different microgoal.

HIIT Your Target

If youre a runner, you might plan a block where you do hills, another where you do speed or track work, and another where you work on endurance, says Matt Dixon, a former pro triathlete and the founder of purplepatchfitness.com .Even that simple change of stimulus will yield bigger results than just working randomly, he says.

Reams of research have shown that one approach worth most guys time is high-intensity interval training, or HIIT. This involves multiple short bursts of super intense exercise (like eight rounds of 30-second bike sprints) separated by periods of low-intensity movement or rest (like 90 seconds of easy spinning).

HIIT has many proven advantages over steady-state cardio. The workouts are short and adaptable, challenging both your aerobic and anaerobic energy systems and burning fat more effectively. Plus, most guys think theyre more fun. In a 2011 study, just three 20-minute HIIT workouts a week measurably improved participants body composition, metabolism, and cardio fitness.

The one downside? You might work too hard, too fastespecially if you choose a high-impact exercise like sprinting. Avoid exhaustion and injury by doing bodyweight exercises only once a week. Squats, pushups, and step ups work well30 seconds on, 30 seconds off for each, followed by a 2-minute rest, for 5 to 10 rounds. Try 50-meter swim sprints on another day (10 reps, resting for as long as it takes to complete 1 rep). Another day you could do hill sprints on a grassy surface (do 10 and then walk down the hill to recover). Bored or excessively sore? Just abbreviate your work periods, or do mobility exercises during your rest time.

5. Listen to Your Body

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Two years ago, John Short, a 60-year-old professor at Cal State Fullerton, was a chronic overexerter. Hed play 90 holes of golf over a weekend, jump into pickup basketball games, and power through sets of burpeeswith a 40-pound vestjust to see if he could do it.

Hard work leads to progress, regardless of the load lifted.

Sometime between his umpteenth acupuncture treatment and anti-inflammatory injection, Short got wise. When youre in your late 50s, you have to walk a fine line between pushing enough and pushing too far, he says. He dropped the weighted burpees, hooked up with a trainer, and replaced running with ruckingwalking with a weighted pack. Hes currently gunning for an injury-free, top 10 finish in a Spartan race. Hes training smarter.

So many guys my age get hurt and pack it in, Short says. The answer isnt to give up altogether; its to adjust your routine. Exercise is dose-dependent medicineyour body thrives on just enough of it. Beyond a certain point, there is actually net harm from extreme exertion, says Dr. Katz.

Dialing It Back Can Be Smart

How do you find the sweet spot? Make sure your workout feels like work. Lifting to volitional fatigue, the point at which you cant do any more reps while maintaining good form, is a more significant factor in determining muscle growth than weight lifted or reps performed, a new study reveals. As long as you work to fatigue, it doesnt matter whether youre lifting 125 pounds 25 times or 250 pounds eight times, says study author Stuart Phillips, Ph.D., a professor of kinesiology at McMaster University. Hard work leads to progress, regardless of the load lifted.

To determine when youve reached your limit on a workout or activity, try the toe-touch test: Before your workout and between sets (or sprints or rounds of golf or sets of tennis), bend forward and reach for your toes. If the movement youre performing agrees with you, youll find that your range of motion will increase, says David Dellanave, C.S.C.S., a Philadelphia strength coach. Feeling looser and being able to reach farther means your body is green-lighting that exercise. If, on the other hand, you get tighter (you cant bend forward as far), then adjust, move on to a new exercise, or towel off and head home.

Skipping a set or two in a planned work-out sounds heretical to some hard-core gymgoers. Dellanave disagrees: Unless youre a competitive athlete, theres no need to do any particular exercise in a training session, he says.

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Your mission , then, is to put these rules together to figure out your perfect training plan. It starts with doing things consistently (Pillar 2). Fine-tune with Pillar 4. Choose a range of activities in a variety of intensities: two or three days of higher-in-tensity activities (sprints, heavy lifting, climbing, or body-weight strength circuits) coupled with another two or three days of easier stuff, like hiking, jogging, or cycling.

If you dont have a smile on your face when youre working out, youre doing something wrong.

Track a few metrics, such as distance covered, weight lifted, and reps completed so you know when youre get-ting better (as per Pillars 1 and 3), and use those stats to determine if you should go hard or go home (Pillar 5).

Finally, whenever and however you can, whether its part of a formal workout or not, just play. Shoot hoops with friends, toss a ball with your kid, make like a ninja on the monkey bars. Pick something you like and go for it, says Stewart. If you dont have a smile on your face when youre working out, youre doing something wrong.

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